What term describes the proportion of persons in each age group who die within a year?

The term that accurately describes the proportion of persons in each age group who die within a year is mortality rate. Mortality rates are specifically used to quantify death within a population and are often broken down by various demographics such as age to give a clearer picture of mortality patterns.

Focusing on age groups allows for a nuanced understanding of how mortality differs across life stages. This information is vital in public health for targeting interventions and understanding health trends within populations.

While the death rate might seem similar, it generally refers to the total number of deaths in a population over a specified period without the explicit context of age groups. Morbidity rate relates to the incidence of disease rather than death, and longevity rate would pertain more to lifespan measurements rather than the proportion of deaths in specific age cohorts. Thus, the correct framework for understanding death frequency relative to age is established by the mortality rate.